在物理学上,很多经测量得出的数值都被称为常数。例如万有引力系数和地表重力加速度等。但有研究表明,大部分这类常数并不是恒定不变的,因此就被称作“不定常数”和“不恒定的常数”。在数学上固定不变的数值称为常数。如圆的周长和直径的比值(π)约为3.14159﹑铁的膨胀系数为0.000012等。常数是具有一定含义的名称,用于代替数字或字符串,其值从不改变。
常数定义
编辑常数具有多重含义:1.规定的数量与数字。2.一定的重复规律。3.一定之数或通常之数。4.一定的次序。5.数学名词。固定不变的数值。一个数学常数是指一个数值不变的常量,与之相反的是变量。跟大多数物理常数不一样的地方是,数学常数的定义是独立于所有物理测量的。数学常数通常是实数或复数域的元素。数学常数可以被称为是可定义的数字(通常都是可计算的)。其他可选的表示方法可以在数学常数(以连续分数表示排列)中找到。常数又称定数,是指一个数值不变的常量,与之相反的是变量。(常数多指大于零的数)6.物理名词。在物理学上,很多经测量得出的数值都被称为常数。例如万有引力系数和地表重力加速度等。但有研究表明,部分这类常数并不是恒定不变的,因此就被称作“不定常数”和“不恒定的常数”。
常数表内容
编辑常用化合物常数表
序号化学名分子式CAS分子量熔点(℃)沸点(℃)密度(kg/m3)折光率纯度(%)闪点(℃)爆炸极限(体积)1氨水NH3·H2O7664-41-717.030.77112甲醛HCHO50-00-030.03-15961.09001.376537%水溶液56—3甲醇CH3OH67-56-132.04-98640.7900≥99.0116~31.004乙腈CH3CN75-05-841.05-4681--820.78601.34409953~16.005腈[jīng]胺CH2N2420-04-242.04,45260951416乙醛CH3CHO75-07-044.05-125210.78501.3320≥99.5-404~57.007乙胺水溶液70%C2H7N1975-4-745.08——0.81.383-1.385—-173~12.808甲酸HCOOH64-18-646.038.2--8.4100--1011.22001.3704966814~33.009甲肼[jǐng]CH3NHNH260-34-446.07-21870.86601.432598212.5~97.0010乙醇C2H5OH64-17-546.07-114780.79001.360099.5163.3~19.011水合肼H4N2·H2O7803-57-850.06-51.7120.11.03201.428098733.5~99.9912甲醇钠CH3ONa124-41-454.02300——7.3~36.0013环丙胺C3H7N765-30-057.10-5049--500.82401.420699-25—14丙酮[tóng]CH3COCH367-64-158.08-94560.79101.3590≥99.0-172.5~13.0015乙酰[xiān]胺C2H5NO60-35-559.07,79--8122199——16甲酸甲酯HCOOCH3107-31-360.05-100340.97401.343099-265~23.017乙酸CH3COOH64-19-760.0516-16.5117-1181.0490964018脲[niào]CH4N2O57-13-660.06133--135—1.335098——19异丙醇(CH3)2CHOH67-63-060.10-89.582.40.78501.377099.9112~1220乙二胺C2H8N2107-15-360.108.51180.89901.456599332.7~16.6021乙醇胺H2NCH2CH2OH141-43-561.0810.51701.01201.454099935.5~17.0022乙醇钠C2H5ONa141-52-668.05910.8681.385962223氯化羟胺H3NO.HCl5470-11-169.49155-157—1.6797152—24丁酮CH3COC2H578-93-372.11-87800.80501.3790≥99.0-31.8~11.5025四氢呋喃C4H8O109-99-972.11-10865--670.88901.407099.9-171.5~12.0026正戊烷C5H12109-66-072.15-130360.6261.358≥99.0-491.4~8.0027DMFC3H7NO1968-12-273.09-61,153-1540.9499572.2~16.0028二乙胺(C2H5)2NH109-89-773.14-50550.70701.3850≥99.0-281.7~10.1029正丁胺CH3(CH2)3NH2109-73-973.14-49780.74001.401099.5-141.7~10.0030甲酸乙酯HCOOC2H5109-94-474.08-8052--540.91701.359097-192.7~16.5031乙酸甲酯CH3COOCH379-20-974.08-9857.50.93201.361099.5-93~16.0032乙醚C2H5OC2H560-29-774.12-11634.60.70601.3530≥99.0-401.7~48.0033叔丁醇(CH3)3COH75-65-074.1225-25.5830.781.386-1.38899.5112.4~8.0034正丁醇C4H9OH71-36-374.12-90117.70.81001.399099.8350.01~0.1135乙二醇甲醚CH3OCH2CH2OH109-86-476.10-85124--1250.96501.4020≥99.9461.8~20.0036二硫化碳CS275-15-076.13-111461.2621.627299.9-301~6037二甲基亚砜CH3SOCH367-68-578.1318.41891.10101.479099.9952.60~42.0038乙酰氯CH3COCl75-36-578.50-112521.10401.38909847.3~19.0039吡啶C5H5N110-86-179.10-421150.9780≥99.0201.8~12.4040氰氨化钙CCaN2156-62-780.10>30041氢溴酸HBr10035-10-680.91-111261.4942二甲胺盐酸盐C2H7N·HCl506-59-281.55170--173—99——43乙酸钠CH3COONa127-09-382.03324—1.528099.99——44正己烷C6H14110-54-386.18-95690.65901.375095-231.1~8.0045N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(CH3)2NCOCH3127-19-587.12-20164.5--1660.93701.4380≥99.9701.8~11.546氟硼酸HBF416872-11-087.81-901301.41471,4-二氧六环C4H8O2123-91-188.1111.8100-1021.03401.4220≥99.0122~22.0048乙酸乙酯[zhǐ]CH3COOC2H5141-78-688.11-8476.5--77.50.90201.3720≥99.5-32~12.0049叔丁基甲醚(CH3)3COCH31634-04-488.15-10955--560.74001.369099-321.6~15.1050异戊醇(CH3)2CHC2H4OH123-51-388.15-1171300.80901.4060≥99.0451.2~8.0051氰化亚铜CuCN544-92-389.56474—2.9299——52草酸HOOCCOOH144-62-790.04190—98——53三聚甲醛C3H6O3110-88-390.08,61--62.5,114-1161.17≥99.5453.6~2954乙二醇二甲醚C4H10O2,110-71-490.12-58,850.8670,1.3790≥99.001.6~10.40551,4-丁二醇C4H10O2,110-63-490.1220229.21.011.4442-1.4462≥99.01352.4~15.3056丙三醇C3H8O356-81-592.0920182/20mm1.26101.4740≥99.5160—57甲苯C6H5CH3108-88-392.14-93110.60.86501.496099.541.2~7.0058环氧氯丙烷C3H5ClO106-89-892.53-57115--1171.18301.4380≥99.0333.8~21.0059氯代正丁烷C4H9Cl109-69-392.57-12377--780.88601.4024≥99.0-61.0~10.1060苯胺C6H5NH262-53-393.13-61841.02201.5860≥99.5701.2~11614-甲基吡啶[dìng]C6H7N108-89-493.132.41450.95701.505098561.3~8.7062苯酚C6H5OH108-95-294.1140--421821.071099791.3~9.5063间氨基吡啶C5H6N2462-08-894.1160-63,24899124—642-甲基吡嗪[qín]C5H6N2109-08-094.12-29135/761mm1.03001.5050≥99.050—65氟苯C6H5F462-06-696.10-42851.02401.465099-12661,2-二甲基咪唑C5H8N21739-84-096.1329-302041.0849892—67间氟[fú]吡啶C5H4FN372-47-497.090107-1081.131.472-1.4749913—68顺丁烯二酸酐C4H2O3108-31-698.0654--562001.48991031.4~7.1069甲基环已烷[wán]C6H11CH3108-87-298.19-1261010.77001.422099-31.2~6.7070丁二酸酐C4H4O3,108-30-5,100.07,119--120261≥99.0——71环丙基甲酸甲酯C5H8O2,2868-37-3,100.111190.98001.417--1.4199817—72正庚烷CH3(CH2)5CH3142-82-5100.21-91980.68401.3870≥99.0-11.1~7.0073二异丙胺C6H15N108-18-9101.19-61840.72201.392099-61.5~8.5074三乙胺C6H15N121-44-8101.19-11588.80.72601.400099-61.2~8.0075正戊酸C4H9COOH109-52-4102.13-20---181850.93901.408099881.6~7.3076异丙醚C6H14O108-20-3102.18-8568--690.72501.3680≥99.0-121.1~21.0077苯腈C7H5N100-47-0103.12-13188-1911.011.52899711.4~7.278二乙烯三胺C4H13N3111-40-0103.17-35199--2090.95501.482699944.4~16.1079苯乙烯C6H5CH=CH2100-42-5104.15-31145--1460.90901.5470≥99.0311.1~6.1080一缩二乙二醇C4H10O3111-46-6,106.12-102451.11001.445-1.448991430.02~0.1281苯甲醛C6H5CHO100-52-7106.12-26178--1791.04401.5450≥99.5621.4~8.582对二甲苯CH3C6H4CH3106-42-3106.1712--131380.86601.4950≥99.0251.1~7.0083乙基苯C6H5Et100-41-4106.17-951360.86701.495099.8221~7.8084间二甲苯C8H10108-38-3106.17-48138--1390.86801.4970≥99.0251.7~7.685苄[biàn]胺C6H5CH2NH2100-46-9107.1610184--1850.98101.543099600.9~1486邻甲苯胺CH3C6H4NH295-53-4107.16-23199--2001.00401.572099851.5~7.5087间甲苯胺CH3C6H4NH2108-44-1107.16-30203--2040.99901.56809985—88对甲苯胺CH3C6H4NH2106-49-0107.1641--462000.973099881.1~6.60892,6-二甲基吡啶C7H9N108-48-5107.16-6143--1450.92001.49709933—90对苯醌[kūn]C6H4O2106-51-4,108.10113--11598—91苯甲醇C6H5CH2OH100-51-6108.14-152051.04501.540099931.3~1392苯甲醚C6H5OCH3100-66-3108.14-371540.99501.51609951—93间苯二胺C6H8N2108-45-2108.1464--66282-284≥99.0175—94对氯三氟甲苯F3CC6H4Cl98-56-6108.56-36136--1381.35301.44609847—95对氨基苯酚HOC6H4NH2123-30-8109.13,188--190,28497.5189—961,4-对苯二酚HOC6H4OH123-31-9110.11172--1752851.329965—97邻氟甲苯C7H7F95-52-3110.13-62113-11411.472-1.474≥99.08—98对氟甲苯FC6H4CH3352-32-9110.13-56115.51.00071.4674--1.46949717—99间氟甲苯C7H7F352-70-5110.13-871150.991.4685-1.47059912—100苯硫酚C6H5SH108-98-5110.18-151691.07301.5880≥99.050—101间氟苯胺C6H6FN372-19-0111.11—186(756mm)1.151.543-1.5459877—102对氟苯胺C6H6FN371-40-4111.11-1.91871.1571.5385-1.54059873—103脲嘧[mì]啶C4H4N2O266-22-8112.09>300—≥99.0——104氯苯C6H5Cl108-90-7112.56-451321.10701.524099.9231.30~11.00105己内酰胺C6H11NO105-60-2113.1669-71268≥99.01391.6~11.90106三氟乙酸CF3COOH76-05-1114.02-15.472.41.48001.399——107邻二氟苯C6H4F2367-11-3114.09-34921.151.4417-1.4437982—108对二氟苯C6H4F2540-36-3114.09-1388-891.171.44-1.442≥99.02—109异辛烷C8H18540-84-1114.23-10798--990.69201.3910≥99.0-71.1~6.00110氯磺酸HClO3S7790-94-5116.51-80151-152(755mm)1.751.4331983.3~37.701112-甲基苯腈C8H7N529-19-1117.15-132050.981.5269-1.52899884112亚硝酸异戊酯C5H11NO2110-46-3,117.15—990.87201.38609710—113乙二醇一丁醚HOC2H4O(CH2)3CH3111-76-2118.18-75171/743mm0.900099601.9~10.3114二氯亚砜[fēng]Cl2OS7719-9-7118.96-105761.631.519-1.521≥99.5——115苯乙酮C6H5COCH398-86-2120.1519--202021.03001.532599821.4~5.20116特戊酰氯C5H9ClO3282-30-2,120.57-561050.981.411-1.41399141.9~7.4117戊酰氯C5H9ClO638-29-9120.57—125-1271.011.419-1.4219823—118对氟苯腈C7H4FN1194-02-1121.1133-36188(750mm)9965—119N,N-二甲基苯胺C6H5N(CH3)2121-69-7121.181.5--2.5193--1940.95601.5580≥99.5621.2~7.00120苯甲酸C6H5COOH65-85-0122.12121--1232491.0899121—121苯乙醚C6H5OC2H5103-73-1122.17-30169--1700.96601.50809957—122氯乙酸乙酯CH2ClCOOC2H5105-39-5122.55-261431.141.42109965—1231-溴丙烷C3H7Br106-94-5123.00-110711.35401.4336991104.6~—124硝基苯C6H5NO298-95-3123.115--6210--2111.19601.5510≥99.0871.8~40.00125邻氨基苯甲醚NH2C6H4OCH390-04-0123.165--62251.09201.5740≥99.098—126对甲氧基苯酚C7H8O2150-76-5,124.135424399133—127茴香硫醚C7H8S100-68-5124.2-151881.051.5842-1.58629957—128邻苯三酚C6H6O387-66-1126.11133--134,30999293—129硫酸二甲酯(CH3)2SO477-78-1126.13-321881.33301.3865≥99.0833.6~23.20130氯化苄C6H5CH2Cl100-44-7126.59-43177-1811.10001.538099731~14.00131间氯甲苯CH3C6H4Cl108-41-8126.59-48160--1621.07201.52209750—132邻氯甲苯C7H7Cl95-49-8126.59-36157--1591.08301.52509847—133对氯苯胺H2NC6H4Cl106-47-8,127.5769--72,23298>188—134对苯二腈NCC6H4CN623-26-7,128.13,224--227—98——1355,5-二甲基海因C5H8N2O277-71-4,128.13,176--178—97——136萘[nài]C10H891-20-3,128.1780--82,217.7≥99.0780.9~5.9137丙烯酸丁酯CH2=CHCOOC4H9,141-32-2,128.17-64145,0.89401.4180≥99.0391.5~7.801383,4-二氟苯胺C6H5F2N3863-11-4,129.1—77(7mm),1.3021.512-1.514>9985—1392,6-二氟苯胺C6H5F2N5509-65-9,129.1—51-52(15mm),1.1991.507-1.5099743—1402,4-二氟苯胺C6H5F2N367-25-9,129.11-7.5170/753mm,1.2680,1.50709962—141喹啉C9H7N91-22-5129.16-16---15,113--114/17mm1.0930,1.627099,1011.2~7.001425-氟尿嘧啶C4H3FN2O251-21-8,130.08280--282—99280—1433,5-二氟苯酚C6H4F2O,2713-34-0,130.0951-55—9970—144乙酰乙酸乙酯C6H10O3,141-97-9,130.14-45,1801.031.418-1.4299701~54145异辛醇C8H18O104-76-7,130.23-76,1840.833,1.43-1.43399771.1~7.4146二聚环戊二烯C10H1277-73-6,132.2-1,1700.982,1.51-1.51295260.8~6.301471,1,1-三氯乙烷CH3CCl3,71-55-6,133.41,-3574--76,1.33801.436699.5—8.0~15.50148NCSC4H4ClNO2,128-09-6,133.53,144-150—≥98.0——149草酸钠C2Na2O462-76-0134.00250-270—
VBScript
编辑创建常数您可以使用Const语句在VBScript中创建用户自定义常数。使用Const语句可以创建名称具有一定含义的字符串型或数值型常数,并给它们赋原义值。例如:ConstMyString="这是一个字符串。"ConstMyAge=49请注意字符串文字包含在两个引号("")之间。这是区分字符串型常数和数值型常数的最明显的方法。日期文字和时间文字包含在两个井号(#)之间。例如:ConstCutoffDate=#6-1-97#应采用一个命名方案以区分常数和变量。这样可以避免在运行脚本时对常数重新赋值。例如,可以使用“vb”或“con”作常数名的前缀,或将常数名的所有字母大写。将常数和变量区分开可以在开发复杂的脚本时避免混乱。
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